Antioxidant Ingredients
8Every day, UV radiation, pollution, and normal metabolism generate free radicals that damage skin cell DNA, break down collagen, and accelerate aging. Antioxidants neutralize these free radicals before they can cause damage. The most effective approach is a network of multiple antioxidants that regenerate each other.
Argan Oil
A luxury oil from the Argania spinosa tree native to Morocco, rich in oleic acid, linoleic acid, vitamin E, and squalene. Argan oil provides excellent moisturization, antioxidant protection, and anti-inflammatory effects. It has a favorable comedogenic rating for an oil and is absorbed relatively quickly. Used for face, hair, and body. Cold-pressed, unrefined oil retains the most bioactives.
Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone)
A naturally occurring antioxidant present in every cell that declines significantly with age. In the skin, CoQ10 protects against oxidative damage from UV radiation and pollution, supports cellular energy production in keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and reduces the depth of wrinkles. It is both an antioxidant and an energizer of the cellular processes that maintain skin health.
Ferulic Acid
A plant-derived antioxidant found in rice bran, oats, and coffee beans that dramatically enhances the stability and photoprotective effects of vitamins C and E. The landmark 2005 study by Pinnell et al. showed that adding 0.5% ferulic acid to a vitamin C + E formulation doubled the photoprotection from SPF 4 to SPF 8 equivalent and improved the stability of vitamin C by 8x. This is why the 'CEF' combination is the most popular antioxidant serum format.
Green Tea Extract (EGCG)
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the primary polyphenol in green tea and one of the most potent topical antioxidants. It has been shown to reduce UV damage, decrease sebum production, reduce inflammation, and inhibit the enzymes that break down collagen and elastin. Green tea extract is one of the few antioxidants with evidence for both topical and oral skin benefits.
Propolis
A resinous substance produced by honeybees from tree buds, used to seal and protect the hive. Propolis contains over 300 bioactive compounds including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE). In skincare, it provides potent anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing effects. Popular in Korean skincare for acne-prone and sensitive skin.
Resveratrol
A polyphenol antioxidant found in grape skins, red wine, and Japanese knotweed. Resveratrol activates sirtuins — the same 'longevity genes' activated by caloric restriction — in skin cells. It has strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and emerging research shows it can prevent UV-induced skin damage and support collagen production. Most effective when combined with other antioxidants.
Vitamin C (L-Ascorbic Acid)
The most potent topical antioxidant with strong clinical evidence for brightening, anti-aging, and photoprotection. L-Ascorbic Acid is the pure, active form that directly neutralizes free radicals, inhibits melanin production, and stimulates collagen synthesis. The challenge is formulation — it is notoriously unstable and must be at low pH (2.5-3.5) for skin penetration, which can cause irritation.
Vitamin E (Tocopherol)
A fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes from oxidative damage. In skincare, vitamin E is most effective when combined with vitamin C — each regenerates the other, creating a sustained antioxidant defense. It also provides moisturizing and anti-inflammatory effects. Alpha-tocopherol is the most biologically active form. Found naturally in sebum, where it serves as the first line of antioxidant defense.